Optimal. Leaf size=129 \[ \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {5}-1}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {5}-1}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.12, antiderivative size = 129, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 20, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.200, Rules used = {1419, 1093, 207, 203} \begin {gather*} \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {5}-1}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {5}-1}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 203
Rule 207
Rule 1093
Rule 1419
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1-x^4}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx &=-\left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{-1-x^2+x^4} \, dx\right )-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{-1+x^2+x^4} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {5}}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {5}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {5}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {5}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {5}}\\ &=\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (-1+\sqrt {5}\right )}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (-1+\sqrt {5}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A] time = 0.08, size = 129, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {5}-1}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {5}-1}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (\sqrt {5}-1\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {5}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {10 \left (1+\sqrt {5}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1-x^4}{1-3 x^4+x^8} \, dx \end {gather*}
Verification is not applicable to the result.
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fricas [B] time = 1.44, size = 255, normalized size = 1.98 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{10} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} + 1} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {5} \sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 \, x^{2} + \sqrt {5} - 1} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} + 1} - \frac {1}{10} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {5} x \sqrt {\sqrt {5} + 1}\right ) - \frac {1}{10} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} - 1} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {5} \sqrt {2} \sqrt {2 \, x^{2} + \sqrt {5} + 1} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} - 1} - \frac {1}{10} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {5} x \sqrt {\sqrt {5} - 1}\right ) + \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} - 1} \log \left (\sqrt {10} {\left (\sqrt {5} + 5\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} - 1} + 20 \, x\right ) - \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} - 1} \log \left (-\sqrt {10} {\left (\sqrt {5} + 5\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} - 1} + 20 \, x\right ) - \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} + 1} \log \left (\sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} + 1} {\left (\sqrt {5} - 5\right )} + 20 \, x\right ) + \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} + 1} \log \left (-\sqrt {10} \sqrt {\sqrt {5} + 1} {\left (\sqrt {5} - 5\right )} + 20 \, x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [A] time = 0.75, size = 147, normalized size = 1.14 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} - 10} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} + \frac {1}{2}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{20} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} + 10} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} - \frac {1}{2}}}\right ) + \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} - 10} \log \left ({\left | x + \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} + \frac {1}{2}} \right |}\right ) - \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} - 10} \log \left ({\left | x - \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} + \frac {1}{2}} \right |}\right ) + \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} + 10} \log \left ({\left | x + \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} - \frac {1}{2}} \right |}\right ) - \frac {1}{40} \, \sqrt {10 \, \sqrt {5} + 10} \log \left ({\left | x - \sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {5} - \frac {1}{2}} \right |}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [A] time = 0.03, size = 110, normalized size = 0.85 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {5}\, \arctanh \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {-2+2 \sqrt {5}}}\right )}{5 \sqrt {-2+2 \sqrt {5}}}+\frac {\sqrt {5}\, \arctanh \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {2+2 \sqrt {5}}}\right )}{5 \sqrt {2+2 \sqrt {5}}}+\frac {\sqrt {5}\, \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {-2+2 \sqrt {5}}}\right )}{5 \sqrt {-2+2 \sqrt {5}}}+\frac {\sqrt {5}\, \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {2+2 \sqrt {5}}}\right )}{5 \sqrt {2+2 \sqrt {5}}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} -\int \frac {x^{4} - 1}{x^{8} - 3 \, x^{4} + 1}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 1.71, size = 269, normalized size = 2.09 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {10}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {\sqrt {5}-1}\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}-7\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {5}\,\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {\sqrt {5}-1}\,7{}\mathrm {i}}{10\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}-7\right )}\right )\,\sqrt {\sqrt {5}-1}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{20}-\frac {\sqrt {10}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {\sqrt {5}+1}\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}+7\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {5}\,\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {\sqrt {5}+1}\,7{}\mathrm {i}}{10\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}+7\right )}\right )\,\sqrt {\sqrt {5}+1}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{20}+\frac {\sqrt {10}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {1-\sqrt {5}}\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}-7\right )}-\frac {\sqrt {5}\,\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {1-\sqrt {5}}\,7{}\mathrm {i}}{10\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}-7\right )}\right )\,\sqrt {1-\sqrt {5}}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{20}+\frac {\sqrt {10}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {-\sqrt {5}-1}\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}+7\right )}+\frac {\sqrt {5}\,\sqrt {10}\,x\,\sqrt {-\sqrt {5}-1}\,7{}\mathrm {i}}{10\,\left (3\,\sqrt {5}+7\right )}\right )\,\sqrt {-\sqrt {5}-1}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{20} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [A] time = 1.17, size = 51, normalized size = 0.40 \begin {gather*} - \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (6400 t^{4} - 80 t^{2} - 1, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (25600 t^{5} - 16 t + x \right )} \right )\right )} - \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (6400 t^{4} + 80 t^{2} - 1, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (25600 t^{5} - 16 t + x \right )} \right )\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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